Old Fashioned Brunswick Stew Recipe A Flavorful Journey

Old Fashioned Brunswick Stew Recipe A Flavorful Journey

Quaint Brunswick stew recipe – a comforting culinary journey that takes you again in time. This hearty stew, a beloved regional favourite, boasts a wealthy historical past and numerous variations. From its humble beginnings to trendy interpretations, we’ll discover the origins, elements, preparation strategies, and all the pieces in between.

This recipe delves into the main points of Brunswick stew, providing insights into its evolution, from the core elements and their roles in creating the proper taste profile to the assorted cooking strategies and their execs and cons. We’ll additionally discover dietary concerns, offering modifications for vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, and different dietary wants.

Recipe Origins and Historical past

Brunswick stew, a hearty and flavorful dish, boasts a captivating historical past, evolving from humble beginnings to a beloved consolation meals. Its journey displays the mixing of culinary traditions and the ever-changing tastes of varied areas. Understanding its origins reveals a narrative of adaptation and regional variations that proceed to form its present-day kind.This recipe’s journey is not nearly elements; it is a story in regards to the individuals who cooked it, the locations it was served, and the cultural exchanges that formed its distinctive id.

From its early days to trendy iterations, Brunswick stew has tailored to fulfill the wants and preferences of various generations, whereas retaining its core essence.

Early Varieties and Regional Variations

Brunswick stew’s origins are considerably murky, however it’s believed to have emerged within the late nineteenth or early Twentieth century, probably within the Ohio Valley area of the US. Early variations probably included available elements, reflecting the agricultural practices and regional produce. Completely different communities probably developed distinctive variations, reflecting regional preferences and out there elements. The early recipes had been much less standardized, various considerably in elements and preparation strategies.

Timeline of Vital Recipe Modifications

  • Early 1900s: Recipes centered on easy, simply sourced elements like potatoes, beans, and meats like venison or beef. Strategies of preparation had been probably handed down by means of households and communities, resulting in regional variations. Portions and particular elements weren’t meticulously documented.
  • Mid-Twentieth Century: The recognition of Brunswick stew started to unfold, resulting in extra written recipes showing in cookbooks and magazines. Standardisation began to emerge, although regional variations continued. Variations in cooking instances and liquid utilization additionally began to be documented. The introduction of canned items and pre-cut greens probably made the recipe extra accessible and faster to arrange.

  • Late Twentieth Century and Past: The rise of house cooking and the web facilitated the sharing of recipes and the evolution of Brunswick stew. Fashionable variations usually embrace a wider vary of elements, corresponding to carrots, onions, and numerous spices, reflecting culinary developments and the supply of numerous produce. Recipes more and more included new methods, like gradual cooking and particular seasonings, to boost taste and texture.

    The introduction of strain cookers and on the spot pots accelerated the preparation course of additional.

Comparability of Early vs. Fashionable Variations

Attribute Early Variations Fashionable Variations
Elements Largely potatoes, beans, meat (venison or beef), and minimal greens. Features a broader vary of greens (carrots, onions, peppers), spices, and doubtlessly different proteins (like sausage).
Preparation Technique Doubtless slow-cooked on the stovetop or in a Dutch oven. Measurements and exact directions had been much less frequent. Usually slow-cooked in a crockpot, strain cooker, or Immediate Pot, permitting for a extra streamlined and environment friendly preparation course of. Exact measurements and particular directions are extra frequent.
Spices and Seasonings Doubtless relied on easy seasonings like salt, pepper, and probably a contact of paprika. Could embrace a wider array of spices like thyme, rosemary, and oregano, contributing to extra advanced taste profiles.
Consistency Probably thicker and chunkier as a result of much less mixing or mashing. Can differ from chunky to smoother, relying on the specified texture.

Elements and Variations

Brunswick stew, a hearty and flavorful Southern consolation meals, boasts a surprisingly adaptable recipe. Its core elements create a posh taste profile that is each comforting and satisfying. Understanding the function every ingredient performs permits you to customise the stew to your liking and dietary wants. Let’s dive into the specifics.Understanding the basic elements and their variations is essential to mastering Brunswick stew.

The interaction of flavors, from the hearty meats to the savory greens, is essential to reaching that iconic Brunswick stew style. This part explores the various world of Brunswick stew elements, permitting you to tailor the recipe to your preferences.

Core Elements

The cornerstone of Brunswick stew is a mix of hearty elements. Pork, usually within the type of shoulder or stew meat, offers a wealthy, savory base. Beans, sometimes cannellini or nice northern, add texture and a delicate sweetness that enhances the opposite elements. Greens like potatoes, onions, and carrots contribute their distinctive flavors and textures. A contact of acidity, usually from tomatoes, balances the richness of the meat and provides depth.

That old style Brunswick stew recipe is an actual consolation meals basic, proper? It is excellent for a cold night. Talking of consolation, you may be on the lookout for some details about Neal Tarpley Parchman Funeral Dwelling Clarksville Tennessee, neal tarpley parchman funeral home clarksville tennessee. Hopefully, you discover what you want there, and hopefully, the stew warms your coronary heart as a lot because it warms your stomach.

Now again to that scrumptious Brunswick stew recipe!

Meat Variations

Completely different cuts of meat have an effect on the stew’s texture and taste. Utilizing harder cuts, like pork shoulder or stew meat, leads to a extra tender, flavorful stew after lengthy simmering. Leaner cuts, whereas offering protein, won’t yield the identical wealthy depth of taste. Beef, if used, will be added together with pork to boost the stew’s protein content material and add a beefy taste.

Venison or different sport meats may also be included, providing a singular twist to the recipe.

Vegetable Alternate options and Substitutions

Whereas potatoes, onions, and carrots are conventional, numerous greens will be swapped in for various tastes. Candy potatoes can add a contact of sweetness, whereas turnips and parsnips provide earthy notes. Even corn or inexperienced beans will be added for a change of tempo. Experiment with totally different vegetable mixtures to search out your excellent taste profile.

Bean Alternate options

Beans are a key ingredient in Brunswick stew, including a considerable quantity of fiber and vitamins. Cannellini beans are a standard selection, however different varieties like kidney beans, pinto beans, or black beans can be utilized as substitutes, altering the flavour and texture barely. Think about the feel and taste you want when selecting a bean various.

Spices and Seasonings

Seasoning is essential for Brunswick stew. A mix of spices like paprika, cayenne pepper, and garlic powder can improve the stew’s complexity. Contemporary herbs like thyme and rosemary can add depth and a aromatic aroma. Experiment with totally different mixtures of spices and herbs to find your excellent Brunswick stew taste.

Typical Ingredient Proportions

Ingredient Approximate Proportion (by weight)
Pork Shoulder/Stew Meat 30-40%
Potatoes 20-25%
Onions 10-15%
Carrots 10-15%
Cannellini Beans 15-20%
Tomatoes 5-10%
Spices & Seasonings Variable

Notice: These proportions are tips and will be adjusted based mostly on private desire.

Preparation Strategies

Brunswick stew, a hearty and flavorful Southern basic, is extremely versatile in its preparation. Choosing the proper technique can considerably affect the ultimate consequence, influencing all the pieces from the feel of the greens to the depth of the stew’s taste. Understanding the totally different approaches permits you to tailor the expertise to your preferences and out there sources.Completely different cooking strategies provide distinctive benefits and disadvantages.

Whether or not you are aiming for max taste extraction or a hands-off strategy, there is a technique designed to ship the most effective Brunswick stew attainable. Let’s dive into the specifics of every strategy.

Sluggish Cooker Technique

The gradual cooker technique is good for these looking for a hands-off strategy to Brunswick stew. This technique excels at breaking down robust meats and greens into tender perfection. The low and gradual cooking course of permits the flavors to meld seamlessly, leading to a wealthy and deeply flavored stew.The gradual cooker technique boasts a number of benefits. First, it minimizes hands-on time, releasing you up for different duties.

Second, the light warmth ensures the meat and greens keep their tenderness. Lastly, the gradual cooker technique is ideal for bigger batches, very best for gatherings or meal prepping. Nevertheless, it could not yield the identical stage of browning or char that stovetop cooking can obtain.

Stovetop Technique

The stovetop technique gives a extra conventional strategy to Brunswick stew preparation, permitting for larger management over the cooking course of. It permits for a extra energetic cooking expertise, the place you possibly can monitor the stew and modify the seasonings as wanted. The stovetop technique can even obtain a wealthy, caramelized taste profile that’s not simply replicated in a gradual cooker.Stovetop cooking permits for extra management over the method.

You may sear the meats, making certain a deeper taste and a extra sturdy texture. Nevertheless, stovetop cooking requires extra consideration and energetic monitoring to stop burning or overcooking.

Comparability of Cooking Strategies

Function Sluggish Cooker Stovetop
Palms-on time Minimal Average
Taste Wealthy, deep Intense, caramelized
Texture Tender Potential for extra depth
Management Restricted Excessive
Perfect for Giant batches, hands-off cooking Smaller batches, exact taste management

Ideas for Tender and Flavorful Stew

Attaining a young and flavorful Brunswick stew hinges on a number of key components. Correctly seasoning the elements and utilizing high-quality elements will considerably affect the result. Utilizing a Dutch oven for stovetop cooking can even assist focus the flavors.

“A well-seasoned stew is a flavorful stew.”

* Use high-quality elements, together with tender cuts of meat.

  • Correctly season the stew with salt, pepper, and different spices to style.
  • Do not overcrowd the pot when cooking on the stovetop.
  • Use a Dutch oven for stovetop cooking to maximise taste.

Preparation Circulate Chart

Flow Chart of Brunswick Stew PreparationThe circulation chart above illustrates a step-by-step strategy for getting ready Brunswick stew, highlighting the important thing steps concerned in each gradual cooker and stovetop strategies. It offers a visible information to make sure a seamless and environment friendly cooking course of.

Taste Profiles and Seasonings

Old Fashioned Brunswick Stew Recipe A Flavorful Journey

Brunswick stew is not only a stew; it is a taste explosion. Understanding the nuances of its seasonings unlocks the secrets and techniques to a very scrumptious bowl. From the comforting heat of the bottom elements to the advanced interaction of spices, the flavour profile is a testomony to the artwork of Southern cooking. This is not nearly throwing elements collectively; it is about crafting a harmonious symphony of tastes.Brunswick stew’s signature taste is a pleasant mix of savory, tangy, and barely candy.

The richness comes from the hearty greens and meat, whereas the spices and seasonings add depth and complexity. The key to mastering this dish lies in balancing the elements, making certain that no single taste overpowers the others.

Attribute Taste Profile

Brunswick stew’s taste profile is greatest described as savory and comforting. The mixture of tender meat, candy greens, and a delicate tang creates a well-rounded taste expertise that is excellent for a cold day. The spices, correctly balanced, improve the pure flavors of the elements reasonably than masking them.

Frequent Seasonings and Spices

A well-seasoned Brunswick stew depends on a fastidiously chosen mix of spices. A balanced taste profile usually features a mixture of savory herbs and heat spices. This balanced strategy ensures the ultimate dish is a harmonious mix of tastes.

  • Salt and pepper: Important for seasoning the stew and enhancing the flavors of the opposite elements. The quantity of salt must be adjusted to your private desire.
  • Paprika: Provides a heat, smoky, and barely candy word, complementing the opposite spices.
  • Cayenne pepper or purple pepper flakes: Provides a contact of warmth to the stew, relying on the specified stage of spiciness.
  • Garlic powder and onion powder: Enhances the savory notes of the stew.
  • Dried thyme, oregano, and/or marjoram: Contribute delicate earthy and herbaceous notes.
  • Mustard powder: Provides a tangy, savory dimension to the stew.
  • Smoked paprika: Gives a smoky depth of taste that enhances the savory elements.

Balancing the Spices, Quaint brunswick stew recipe

The important thing to a scrumptious Brunswick stew lies in balancing the spices. An excessive amount of of 1 spice can simply overpower the others, leading to an unbalanced taste. Begin with a smaller quantity of every spice and style as you go, including extra to your liking. rule of thumb is to style and modify till you obtain a harmonious mix of flavors.

Attaining a Wealthy and Savory Taste

A wealthy and savory taste profile in Brunswick stew is achieved by specializing in the mixture of elements and cautious seasoning. Do not be afraid to experiment with totally different spice blends, however bear in mind the stability is essential.

Spice Blends and Taste Profiles

Spice Mix Taste Profile
Primary Mix (salt, pepper, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder) Savory, barely candy, and comforting
Spicy Mix (fundamental mix + cayenne pepper, purple pepper flakes) Savory, barely candy, and warming with a kick
Herbaceous Mix (fundamental mix + thyme, oregano, marjoram) Savory, comforting, and herbaceous with a contact of earthiness
Smoky Mix (fundamental mix + smoked paprika) Savory, smoky, and deeply flavorful

Serving Options and Pairings

Brunswick stew, with its hearty mix of flavors, is greatest loved in a method that enhances its wealthy texture and sturdy style. Understanding the most effective serving strategies and pairings can elevate this basic dish from a meal to a memorable expertise. Whether or not you are a seasoned stew aficionado or simply discovering this Southern delight, this part will information you to optimum serving practices and pairings.

Conventional Serving Strategies

Brunswick stew is usually served scorching, in a big pot or particular person bowls. The stew’s thick consistency and hearty elements are greatest appreciated when loved heat. Presentation issues! A country, earthenware pot or a barely outsized bowl can improve the homely really feel of the dish. Garnishing with contemporary herbs, like parsley or chives, provides a contact of freshness and visible enchantment.

Complementary Facet Dishes

Facet dishes are essential in enhancing the stew’s enchantment. The stew’s savory profile usually advantages from contrasting textures and flavors. The hearty stew usually pairs properly with lighter accompaniments.

  • Cornbread: A basic Southern staple, cornbread gives a contrasting texture and absorbs among the stew’s scrumptious juices. The sweetness of the cornbread enhances the savory stew.
  • Collard Greens: A facet of collard greens offers a contact of earthy taste and a contrasting shade to the stew. The greens add one other layer of texture and depth to the meal.
  • Macaroni and Cheese: A creamy, tacky facet dish like macaroni and cheese can stability the richness of the stew. The mixture of textures and flavors gives a pleasant distinction.
  • Potato Salad: A cool and refreshing potato salad offers a palate cleanser between bites of the stew. The contrasting flavors and textures are excellent for a balanced meal.

Beverage Pairings

The very best drinks for Brunswick stew usually mirror the stew’s sturdy nature. A refreshing beverage may help cleanse the palate between bites.

  • Candy Tea: Candy tea, a Southern staple, pairs properly with the stew’s savory flavors. The sweetness of the tea enhances the stew’s savory notes.
  • Iced Tea: A refreshing glass of iced tea generally is a nice complement to the stew, particularly on a heat day. The cool beverage balances the heat of the stew.
  • Milk: A easy glass of milk generally is a shocking and pleasant pairing. The creaminess of the milk cuts by means of the richness of the stew, providing a pleasing distinction.

Regional Variations in Serving

Serving practices can differ based mostly on area. Some areas may embrace particular facet dishes or drinks as a matter of customized. As an illustration, in some areas, hushpuppies may be a standard accompaniment.

Steered Facet Dishes and Drinks

Facet Dish Beverage
Cornbread Candy Tea
Collard Greens Iced Tea
Macaroni and Cheese Milk
Potato Salad Candy Tea or Iced Tea

Dietary Concerns and Diversifications: Previous Usual Brunswick Stew Recipe

Brunswick stew, with its hearty mix of greens and protein, is a fantastically adaptable dish. Catering to numerous dietary wants and preferences is essential to making sure everybody enjoys this flavorful meal. Understanding modifications for vegetarians, vegans, these with gluten sensitivities, or needing low-sodium choices permits you to create a satisfying and inclusive expertise for all.This part delves into customizing the Brunswick stew recipe to accommodate numerous dietary necessities.

It is all about flexibility, making certain the deliciousness of the stew is not compromised whereas nonetheless assembly particular dietary wants.

Vegetarian and Vegan Diversifications

To rework Brunswick stew right into a vegetarian or vegan delight, merely omit the meat. This enables the wealthy flavors of the greens to shine. For a satisfying protein enhance, contemplate including hearty lentils, chickpeas, or tofu. These options present a comparable texture and protein content material to meat, enhancing the stew’s dietary profile with out compromising its style.

Different Protein Sources

Past meat, a number of protein-rich choices can elevate your Brunswick stew. Changing conventional meat with hearty lentils or chickpeas offers a major enhance of fiber and protein. For a vegetarian various, contemplate incorporating agency tofu, crumbled into the stew, which absorbs the flavors of the broth. This offers a creamy texture and satisfying protein content material. Different choices embrace mushrooms or tempeh, which add a savory depth.

Gluten-Free Concerns

Brunswick stew is of course gluten-free, as the first elements are sometimes freed from gluten. Nevertheless, be aware of potential hidden gluten sources. Rigorously evaluation the elements of any added sauces, seasonings, or flavorings, making certain they meet your gluten-free wants. For a very gluten-free expertise, use licensed gluten-free merchandise.

Low-Sodium Modifications

Lowering sodium in Brunswick stew is simple. Begin through the use of low-sodium broth or bouillon cubes. Step by step scale back the quantity of salt within the recipe, tasting as you go. Think about using herbs and spices to boost taste, avoiding reliance on sodium-rich seasonings. Contemporary herbs, like thyme and rosemary, present an alternative choice to salt for taste depth.

This strategy enhances the stew’s taste complexity with out including extreme sodium.

Dietary Restrictions and Preferences

Brunswick stew’s adaptability extends past these modifications. For these with allergy symptoms, substituting elements based mostly on particular sensitivities is essential. For instance, if somebody is allergic to tomatoes, you possibly can change them with different acidic greens, like bell peppers or onions. This strategy permits you to tailor the recipe to numerous dietary preferences.

Dietary Modification Desk

Dietary Want Modification Instance Substitution
Vegetarian Omit meat; use various protein sources. Lentils, chickpeas, tofu
Vegan Omit all animal merchandise. Tofu, lentils, tempeh
Gluten-Free Guarantee all elements are licensed gluten-free. Licensed gluten-free flour or various for thickening.
Low-Sodium Use low-sodium broth, scale back salt step by step. Contemporary herbs, spices
Allergy (e.g., tomato allergy) Substitute elements based mostly on allergy. Bell peppers, onions

Visible Illustration

Brunswick stew, a hearty and flavorful dish, boasts a fascinating visible journey all through its cooking course of. Its transformation from uncooked elements to a comforting closing product is a feast for the eyes, providing a glimpse into the wealthy culinary expertise. The visible enchantment performs a vital function within the total enjoyment of the meal.The stew’s visible presentation evolves all through the cooking course of, reflecting the modifications in texture and shade, and showcasing the flavors being developed.

The totally different levels of the cooking course of current a singular visible expertise, from the preliminary vibrant colours of the elements to the ultimate, wealthy, and welcoming hues of the finished dish.

Preliminary Look

The uncooked elements, brimming with shade and texture, current a vibrant image. Chunks of meat, potatoes, and greens, every with their distinct hues – the deep purple of beef, the sunshine yellow of potatoes, the colourful inexperienced of onions, and the deep orange of carrots – create a visually interesting palette. The medley of textures, from the agency chew of potatoes to the tender items of meat, provides one other dimension to the preliminary visible expertise.

The fragrant spices and herbs, usually seen within the early levels of preparation, subtly trace on the wealthy flavors that await.

Cooking Levels

Because the stew simmers, the colours start to meld collectively, making a extra unified visible expertise. The meat begins to melt, releasing its juices into the stew. The potatoes, initially agency, begin to take up the flavors of the stew, and their texture transforms right into a comforting softness. The greens grow to be extra tender, their vibrant colours deepening barely. The aroma intensifies, making a comforting and welcoming environment.

The stew’s shade will deepen because the flavors meld and the greens prepare dinner down. That is the place the colour change is most dramatic.

The Completed Dish

The completed Brunswick stew is a phenomenal illustration of the culinary journey. The wealthy, savory broth, a mix of the elements’ colours, has a deep, inviting hue. The tender items of meat are enveloped within the savory sauce, including a visible enchantment. The cooked greens, smooth and barely caramelized, are evenly distributed all through the stew, sustaining their particular person textures whereas mixing with the opposite elements.

The stew is usually a deep reddish-brown shade, with the potatoes and greens including a contact of yellow and orange. The feel is a mix of tender meat, smooth greens, and a thick, barely saucy broth. The visible enchantment is a testomony to the cautious cooking course of and the harmonious mix of flavors. This visible concord contributes considerably to the general eating expertise.

Recipe Variations and Improvements

Stew brunswick pork spruce

Brunswick stew, with its hearty and comforting nature, lends itself fantastically to artistic variations. Past the basic recipe, there is a world of potentialities for tweaking elements, strategies, and presentation to cater to numerous palates and preferences. This exploration will showcase the way to inject new flavors and textures whereas staying true to the soul of this beloved dish.This part delves into the thrilling realm of Brunswick stew transformations, highlighting how one can personalize this basic recipe to create distinctive and scrumptious variations.

It covers all the pieces from ingredient swaps to modern preparation methods and trendy variations, making certain that each chew is a pleasant shock.

Ingredient Variations

Brunswick stew’s flexibility in ingredient choice is a key consider its adaptability. Conventional recipes usually function a core of meats and greens, however the particular selections will be altered considerably. Substituting elements like beef with venison, pork, and even rooster can change the general taste profile dramatically. Equally, the inclusion of various root greens, like candy potatoes or parsnips, or incorporating different greens corresponding to mushrooms or bell peppers, provides new dimensions of taste and texture.

The choices are huge and available within the trendy culinary world.

Preparation Technique Improvements

Past ingredient swaps, Brunswick stew’s preparation strategies will be considerably modified. As a substitute of the normal gradual cooker technique, you possibly can go for a strain cooker, considerably lowering cooking time whereas sustaining the tender texture of the meat. For an excellent faster choice, think about using pre-cooked elements like shredded rooster or pre-cut greens, permitting you to concentrate on the stew’s wealthy flavors with out spending hours within the kitchen.

Roasting or searing the meat earlier than including it to the stew can even add depth and complexity.

Serving Type Diversifications

Whereas the normal method of serving Brunswick stew is in a bowl, think about using a skillet to serve, including a contact of magnificence. To raise the presentation, garnish with contemporary herbs like parsley or chives. A dollop of bitter cream or a drizzle of a wealthy gravy can add further richness and creaminess to the stew, whereas remaining true to the hearty nature of the dish.

Including croutons or toasted bread can create a satisfying textural distinction and an entire meal.

Fashionable Diversifications and Distinctive Additions

Fashionable interpretations of Brunswick stew usually incorporate international flavors. Think about including a contact of Asian inspiration with ginger, soy sauce, or a splash of sriracha. Spices like cumin or coriander will be added to provide a Center Japanese aptitude. You may even add a touch of smoked paprika for a smoky, barbecue-inspired twist. These additions provide a recent tackle the basic dish with out sacrificing its comforting essence.

Desk of Recipe Variations

Variation Ingredient Modifications Preparation Modifications Serving Options
Spicy Southwest Brunswick Stew Floor beef, corn, bell peppers, chipotle peppers in adobo sauce Sluggish cooker, add spices early Garnished with cilantro, served with tortilla chips
Hearty Venison Brunswick Stew Venison, carrots, parsnips, potatoes Strain cooker, add herbs like thyme and rosemary Served with a facet of crusty bread
Asian-Impressed Brunswick Stew Hen, bok choy, ginger, soy sauce, sriracha Sluggish cooker, add soy sauce and ginger early Garnished with sesame seeds, served with rice

Finish of Dialogue

In conclusion, the quaint Brunswick stew recipe is greater than only a meal; it is a journey by means of time and taste. We have explored its historic roots, numerous ingredient choices, and numerous preparation strategies. Whether or not you are a seasoned prepare dinner or a culinary novice, this complete information offers all of the instruments to create a very unforgettable Brunswick stew expertise.

High FAQs

What are some frequent substitutes for pork within the stew?

Beef, venison, and even rooster can be utilized as substitutes for pork, adjusting the cooking time as wanted. The selection will depend on your desire and out there sources.

How lengthy does it take to make Brunswick stew in a gradual cooker?

The cooking time in a gradual cooker usually ranges from 6-8 hours on low, or 3-4 hours on excessive. This may differ relying on the precise elements and desired tenderness.

Can I make Brunswick stew forward of time?

Sure, Brunswick stew tastes even higher the following day! Retailer leftovers in an hermetic container within the fridge for as much as 3 days. Reheat gently.

What are some in style facet dishes to pair with Brunswick stew?

Cornbread, biscuits, mashed potatoes, or perhaps a easy salad can improve the flavors of the stew. The selection will depend on your desire and the general meal theme.

See also  Gullah Geechee Food: A Culinary Journey Through History and Heritage

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Leave a comment
scroll to top